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Compact shape, natural materials, effective shading, and usage of renewing energy sources. These aspects makes a building economical and sustainable. Their importance grows when the house is located at such a special and isolated place. In Nepal the temperature is relatively balanced annually, but the daily fluctuation is considerable. Therefore we used thick stone wall instead of additional heat insulation. Besides this technology is cheaper, simpler and locally available, the heavy wall structure heats up and cools down slowly hence keeps the inside temperature smooth. Furthermore it complies with the local traditional materials and design.
We chose site B to locate the telemedicine center because of the better shading provided by the trees and the panoramic view of the valley.
The main walls of the three-storey building are made of natural stone, while the ceilings are concrete and the stairs are wooden. The roof is tin with concrete ceiling beneath. For economical aspects we used only three different window sizes, 60/120, 120/120 and 60/180 [cm]. The windows are placed to the inner side of the walls in order to protect them from direct sunlight.
The ventilation is solved with a solar chimney. This technology improves the natural ventilation of the building by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy. We combined the chimney with underground heat exchange pipes to maximize the cooling effect. This forgotten technology has been in use for centuries, particularly in the Middle east, as well as by the Romans. The advantage of the solar chimney is that the ventilation speed is directly proportional to the strength of the sunshine.
The shape of the building was determined by the solar chimney, the maximal utilization of sunlight and the minimalized facade surfaces. The house is high enough to place the wi-fi antenna on it.
The sunlight had been utilized both passively and actively. The southern roof surface can be used for photovoltaic panels and water heaters, which can make hot water more effectively than the traditional black water tank. The hot water can be stored in an insulated tank. The roof is shifted from the ceiling in order to avoid extreme overheating of the room beneath. The community places are located on the ground floor connected with an open terrace. the rooms used by the staff are on the first and second floors. The bedrooms are located on two different floors, allowing the separation of men and woman.